Esthetic is a natural necessity among all human beings, and the reconstruction of the natural features of prosthesis is considered an important aspect in dentistry. Reconstruction of the natural features in removable prosthesis by characterization of denture base is one of the most important factors. In this regard esthetic, in removable prostheses, is achieved through different techniques such as: tooth selection and arrangement, designing the denture base and acrylic base color. The final goal for all these effects is to achieve a natural appearance for denture. However, other factors such as treatment limitations, different personal needs and general health principles, should be taken into consideration. This article not only reviews the natural appearance of oral mucosa that is replaced by the denture base, but also discusses about the materials used in tinting acrylic denture base and their application techniques.

This article touches at a somewhat neglected aspect of traditional local governments in Iran. Financial resources seem to play a pivotal role in the formation of any local power. The article focuses on a case of local government in precolonial southern Caucasia, i. e. the Khanate of Shirvan, one of those several local Iranian rules in southern Caucasia which was annihilated after Tsarist Russia’ s conquest of the region. Central to this study is the nature and quality of the economic resources available to the local governor as well as the mechanism through which he managed these resources to maintain and exert his power. The main reason behind this selection is the publication of “ The 1820 Russian Survey of Shirvan Khanate. ” This invaluable source gives us a wealth of statistical data on the financial resources of Shirvan Khanate before its annexation to Tsarist Russia. These data are analyzed within a socioeconomic framework to determine the amount of financial resources available to the Khan. This study demonstrates that the Khans of Shirvan enjoyed an advantageous position as they held control of considerable economic resources and these resources were of crucial importance for their local rule.

The aim of this study was determination of relative frequency of intestinal parasites in Hamadan military base in 1998.406 persons of residents were selected randomly and their stool samples were collected and related check lists were completed by referring to the doors. The samples were examined by formol-ether method. The detected results showed parasitic infection in 43.8% of residents with the maximum percentage associated with Ascaris (42.7%) and Giardia (21.9%). Age group of 31-40, primary school students and housewives had more infection rates. Also small families (<3) showed the lowest rate of infection. According to this fact that the source of providing vegetables for the military base and Hamadan city is the same, it seems that the sanitary standards are at higher levels in the base.  

Introduction: Correction of deep overbite and achieving a long-term stability are still major concerns for many orthodontists. There are three main ways for solving this problem: Bypass arch technique introduced by Ricketts, Segmented arch technique introduced by Burstone and using TADs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Ricketts and Burstone techniques during correction of deep overbites.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 18 female patients with Cl I and II occlusion and more than 4 mm of overbite were selected. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=9). The deep overbite in group A was treated with Ricketts technique and Burstone technique was used for correction of overbite in group B. Fifteen jaws were included in each group. Lateral cephalograms before and after intrusion were used to evaluate the results. Data were statistically analyzed with Student’s t-test and SPSS 18 (a=0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the means of true intrusion and extrusion between groups A and B (p value=0.014 and p value=0.47, respectively). However, overbite reduction was not significantly different between the two groups (p value=0.704). In addition, the differences in mean false intrusion (p value=0.02), changes in the axial inclination of posterior teeth (p value=0.047) and the angle between axial inclination of upper and lower anterior teeth (p value=0.002) were statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusion: Under the limitation of the present study, the results confirmed the superiority of Burstone technique in intruding incisors with less undesirable lateral movements.

Introduction: The base metal ceramic restorations are one of the most popular restorations in the world. No research has been done about the porcelain metal junction on the occlusal surface yet.The main purpose of this study was to find the best location for porcelain metal junction with regard to occlusal contact in base metal- ceramic crown.Materials &Methods: 75 Porcelain Fused to Metal (P.F.M) crowns were made for metal dies. Crowns were cemented on the respective die with zinc phosphate cement and were divided into three groups of25 samples.Occlusal contact in each group was as follows:First group (A): On the porcelain metal junction.Second group (B): 2mm away from the porcelain metal junction on the porcelain.Third group (C): 2mm away from the porcelain metal junction on the metal.All of the samples were prepared for compressive force with Instron machine.Data were analyzed with one way ANOV A and Duncan tests. Results: 1) The average force was different in each of the 3 groups significantly. 2) Group B had the lowest amount of force (290kgF) and group C had the greatest amount (713kgF).3) Group A developed a force between B& C (529kgF).Conclusions: 1- The best location for occlusal contact in the porcelain metal junction restorations is on the metal.2- When the occlusal contact is on the porcelain metal junction, It needs more force for porcelain fracture than when it is on the porcelain.